26^th Annual Summit on Neuroscience & Neurological Disorders May 18-19, 2020 Paris, France

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Godard E. Artajos, MD has completed his medical degree at age 26 years from the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. He is currently a Senior Resident-in-Training under the Adult Neurology Program of the East Avenue Medical Center Department of Neurosciences, a tertiary government hospital in the heart of the Philippines.

Abstract:

Myasthenia gravis and High cervical disc herniation are uncommon diseases and rarely occurs at the same time.[3,4] Each condition is caused by different etiologies and pathophysiology. We report a case of a 38-year old Filipino female who was admitted due to head drop. She experienced bowel and bladder incontinence and progressive proximal muscle weakness for nine months and eventually developed cranial muscle symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia and ptosis. She was admitted as a case of cervical spine spondylosis but worsened after physical therapy despite IV steroids. Positive prostigmine test and repetitive nerve stimulation test confirmed presence of concomitant Myasthenia Gravis. In conclusion, we describe here a case of high cervical cord compression with superimposed myasthenia gravis. That the pattern of weakness caused by the spinal cord lesion can hide the classic fatigable pattern of weakness in myasthenia gravis. The presence of cranial muscle involvement and worsening of weakness after physical therapy favors myasthenia gravis. Early diagnosis of concurrent myasthenia and initiation of proper treatment helps in preventing possible complications that can prolong hospitalization in patients with high cervical cord compression.

Biography:

Abstract:

Purpose

  To let other clinicians to know that unilateral exophthalmos also can be caused by cervical spondylosis.

Methods

We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate.

Results

To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos disappeared spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2—with no relapse, without any further medication, as of 7 years. We have named this condition “cervicogenic exophthalmos.”

Biography:

Silvia Honda Takada has completed his PhD in 2013 from University of Sao Paulo and postdoctoral studies from Universidade Federal do ABC. She is a recently hired Professor at Universidade Federal do ABC. She developed and validated a rodent model of neonatal anoxia in 2011, and, since them, presents the major interest in investigating the effects of oxygen deprivation in rodents and different neuroprotective strategies to minimize oxygen deprivation sequelae. She published 18 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Neonatal anoxia is one of the major causes of death or lifelong neurobehavioral and cognitive impairment. The brain damage is a process with multiple contributing mechanisms and pathways resulting in both early and delayed injury, but we can highlight the excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and, mostly, the neuroinflammation, as underlying products of neonatal anoxia. Photobiomodulation is a poorly explored therapeutic strategy in central nervous system injuries, and the present model of rodent neonatal anoxia seems ideal for investigating the effects of photomodulation therapy on neuroinflammation triggered by oxygen deprivation at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation on the cytokines levels 24 hours after neonatal anoxia. Alterations resulting from photomodulation therapy were observed in the levels of cytokines IL-1ß, IL-4 and IL-17 in the hippocampus of rats submitted to neonatal anoxia. The Multiplex analysis showed changes in levels of certain cytokines that were not expected for the model in question, such as the reduction of IL-1ß in rats undergoing neonatal anoxia and the unchanging of TNF-α. Curiously, a decrease in IL-17 was observed in anoxia and photobiomodulation groups. It is not clear in the literature the peak of cytokines production after an oxygen deprivation event, and we suggest that the microglial response might be occurred previously. Aditional experiments using different timepoints will be conducted to better explore the potential neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation after neonatal anoxia

Biography:

Raffaele Pilla, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Doctor Europaeus, received his Master’s degree in Pharmacy at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy in 2005, where he also served internships at the Cell Physiology Laboratory and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Prior, he was an Erasmus Student at Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims in Reims, France. He received his Doctor Europaeus in 2010 from Pitié-Salpétrière Institute in Paris, France. Also in 2010, he received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology of Muscle at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy. He was hired as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, on two research grants funded by the Office of Naval Research (US Navy) and Divers’ Alert Network

Abstract:

It has been recently shown that nutritional ketosis is effective against seizure disorders and various acute/chronic neurological disorders. Physiologically, glucose is the primary metabolic fuel for cells. However, many neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with impaired glucose transport/metabolism and with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s disease, general seizure disorders, and traumatic brain injury. Ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates represent alternative fuels for the brain and can bypass the ratelimiting steps associated with impaired neuronal glucose metabolism. Therefore, therapeutic ketosis can be considered as a metabolic therapy by providing alternative energy substrates. It has been estimated that the brain derives over 60% of its total energy from ketones when glucose availability is limited. In fact, after prolonged periods of fasting or ketogenic diet (KD), the body utilizes energy obtained from free fatty acids (FFAs) released from adipose tissue. Because the brain is unable to derive significant energy from FFAs, hepatic ketogenesis converts FFAs into ketone bodies-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc)-while a percentage of AcAc spontaneously decarboxylates to acetone. Large quantities of ketone bodies accumulate in the blood through this mechanism. This represents a state of normal physiological ketosis and can be therapeutic. Ketone bodies are transported across the blood-brain barrier by monocarboxylic acid transporters to fuel brain function. Starvation or nutritional ketosis is an essential survival mechanism that ensures metabolic flexibility during prolonged fasting or lack of carbohydrate ingestion. Therapeutic ketosis leads to metabolic adaptations that may improve brain metabolism, restore mitochondrial ATP production, decrease reactive oxygen species production, reduce inflammation, and increase neurotrophic factors’ function. It has been shown that KD mimics the effects of fasting and the lack of glucose/insulin signaling, promoting a metabolic shift towards fatty acid utilization. In this work, the author reports a number of successful case reports treated through metabolic ketosis.

Biography:

Rashika is a postgraduate student at Department of Psychology at CHRIST(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY). She is a budding psychologist with keen interests in psychoneuroimmunology, addiction medicine, grief, resilience and clinical psychology. She presented her “systematic review on mindfulness based interventions in working professionals” at XXI Annual Meeting of the International Society of Addiction Medicine held in India. This meeting was organized by the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) & Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, New Delhi

Abstract:

SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of novel pneumonia (COVID-19) with high ACE2 receptor affinity binding is the primary cause of the current global pandemic declared by WHO. As mentioned on March 16th 2020, that "we cannot fight a fire blindfolded and countries should test every suspected COVID-19 case". Hence, comes the need for rapid testing at large as 219, 611 deaths have been reported till April 29th, 2020 and calls for the further lack of isolation to stop the spread of community transmission. Also, some COVID-19 patients have strokes, seizures, confusion, and brain inflammation and lose their sense of smell. (Wadman, Frankel, Kaiser, Matacic, 2020). A neurological perspective here is that the sense of smell is an olfactory receptor response which initiates impulses in the olfactory neuron. (Hoover, 2010) . Odorants such as smoked salmon, lemon, strawberry, clove etc. can be used daily by the citizens of every country and may detect the damage in the olfactory pathway if practised at a stretch for 14 days. (Hudry, Thobois, Broussolle, Adeleine & Royet, 2003) Some day, if a citizen cannot smell the odorant involuntarily, then it is time for the citizen to visit a doctor for nasal congestion and get checked immediately. It may be marked as the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 in them, and hence early detection with other testing methods can fast track the process, reducing the mortality rate. The limitation to this approach is in the case of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) where patients have a significant deficit for all cognitive tasks of olfactory judgement and hence cannot be tested or self-administered at home. (Hudry, Thobois, Broussolle, Adeleine & Royet, 2003)

Biography:

The researcher has completed her PhD at in the field of health sciences. She is a professor at Nara Medical University, and mainly conducts research focused on senior citizens.

Abstract:

Introduction: At the moment, many countries in the world are implementing prolonged going out restriction orders in a bid to limit COVID-19 infections. Unfortunately, this could lead to lack of exercise for many people. Starting April 2019, we gave out DVDs which contain dance and brain training lessons to help people exercise at home for the purpose of preventing dementia. In light of the current prolonged going out restriction orders, we would like to report on the survey we conducted about the persistence of the suggested brain stimulating dance at home.

Method: We sent a questionnaire over the LINE messaging to 56 senior citizens who registered to be survey respondents, and analyzed their reply. The time period referenced in the survey was the whole month of April 2020.

Results: We received replies from 31 respondents, out of which 1 is male and 30 are female, and they are aged between 50 – 80 years old. Half of the respondents, fifteen, continued the brain stimulating dance at home, of which 9 did it once a week, 5 did it 2 – 4 times a week, and 1 did it every day. 29% of respondents felt that their physical and mood condition had deteriorated because of the going out restrictions, of which 78.8% were those who did not do anything while at home.

Conclusion: In order to preserve physical and mental health while going out restriction orders are in place, there is a need to encourage activities that can be easily carried out at home. Judging from the fact that only half of the respondents carried out the suggested exercise, there appears to be a need to make the content more flexible to each of their circumstances. In addition, there is a need to deliver ways to self-evaluate the effectiveness of practices.

Biography:

Abstract:

Motor neuron diseases MNDs are a kind of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically it affects upper and lower motor neurons which cause motor signals unable to pass to the exact muscles. This leads uncontrollable twitching (fasciculations), gradual muscle weakening, wasting and paralysis. Yet there is no permanent cure for the MNDs. After disease on set within 3-4 years death occur. Still the therapeutic options limited, despite a large number of methods have been tested clinically. Neurotrophic factors treatments known to promote faster regeneration of motor neurons and CNS neurons have been reported. However, the exact neurotrophic factor not yet find out for clinical phase trials. In this we discuss the underlying principle behind those neurotrophic factors and neurotrophic factor drugs for treatment of MNDs

Biography:

Prof. Dr. Gunasekaran Ramanathan has completed his PhD in National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore India, Postdoctoral studies from Michigan state University (MSU), Eat Lansing, MI, USA, University of North Dakota (UND),ND, USA, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA .

Abstract:

Neurodegenerative diseases have unbearable conditions particularly in aging population, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a cognitive decline, due to many Pathological and Neurophysiological changes occur  mainly in basal forebrain neurons particularly, cholinergic neurons and some other complications. Yet no exact treatment for it. It’s a global health issue.

Neurotropic factors have crucial role in neural and non neural tissues. Mainly it’s initiating development and maintenance of brain tissue. Further, it has been reported that there is a sudden change in the neurotrophic factor secretion and its receptors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which may   have a vital role in neuronal degeneration.  For this reason, the neurotrophic factors study must be deeply and extensively investigate. Neurotrophic factors treatments known to promote faster regeneration of motor neurons (MN) and various central nervous system (CNS) neurons have been reported. However, the exact neurotrophic factor or factors not yet find out for clinical phase trials for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and AD. In this we discuss the underlying principle behind those neurotrophic factors and neurotrophic factor drugs for treatment of AD

Biography:

Maginsh Dahal has completed his MPH from K.L.E University, India and MA(Sociology) from Tribhuwan University, Nepal. He is persuing his Dr.PH  from Nanjing Medical University, China. He is Associate Professor and Head of Department in Department of Public Health of Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Nepal. 

Abstract:

Introduction: Alzheimer’s, a neurodegenerative disease is becoming a growing burden and the leading cause of disability amongst older people and there is no cure for it. It is set to be the biggest killer among the growing elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among college students in Kathmandu metropolitan city. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 385 randomly selected bachelor students of Kathmandu metropolitan city. The questionnaire included 2 sections. Section I addressed the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Section II addressed covered Alzheimer's disease knowledge scale(ADKS) test. ADKS contains a set of 30 items, with True and False options. 1 point was given for correct answer and 0 for incorrect answer. The final sum was then the total score of the participant. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was calculated and chi-square test was used to measure the association between two categorical variables.  Results: The mean ADKS (Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale) score is 15.45 ± 2.95 with lowest mean total score 8 and highest 26. 49.5% of respondents scored above mean. The number of male and female respondents who scored above mean is 68 and 95 respectively with p-value 0.71 and odds ratio 0.922. There is no association between gender and knowledge level. Gender seemed to have no effect on the knowledge about Alzheimer's disease on the basis of Alzheimer's disease knowledge scale (ADKS). However, science students had comparatively better knowledge about disease than management students. The mean score of science and management is 15.9 and 15.04 respectively with p-value 0.004. There is association between knowledge score and faculty. Conclusion: This study concluded that the knowledge level of college students on Alzheimer’s disease is below moderate. The findings concluded that there is association between faculty and knowledge score

Biography:

Dr Gulbahar Singh Sidhu did his Postgraduation from the Department of Psychiatry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana (Punjab) in 2001. He is working as a Consultant Psychiatrist in private sector since 2002 and also is the Incharge of the Lifecare Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre at Tajpur, District Jalandhar since last 7 years. He is the Honorary Member of the Executive Committee of the North Zone branch of the Indian Psychiatric Society

Abstract:

Technology has come to occupy the space around our lives like never before in history. The effects that the advent of technology has had on our lives ranges from nothing less than revolutionary to the worrying spectre of addiction and misuse of the same technology.

Researches in the field of mental health have, of late, focussed on the aspect of msiuse and addiction to internet and the smartphone. What is most interesting is that when it comes to geriatric age group, the technology has different connotations.

We intend to discuss the role of technology in this age group in two parts: The technology available “Here and Now” and that which is “Knocking at Our Doorsteps” A few examples of technology available “Here and Now”  include Video chatting with the friends and family over Skype, sharing photographs on social media websites such as Instagram, playing video games with friends keeping brain active in the process, organizing all the bills and bank accounts, watching TV shows and movies through website such as Netflix, the Speaking Exchange / Cloud Grannies, customized mobile phones, GPRS Technology and much more. Examples of Futuristic technologies include the Smart Carpet, Bladder Monitor, Facial Expression controlled Wheel Chair, the phenomenal “Paro” in Japan, Voice recognition softwares to name a few.

The vital question of the fear of adapting to new technology in old age would also be discussed